Laboratory tests interpretation by nurses reasearch publication continuing education 2001. Document the time and date that the urinalysis was performed as this may be significantly different than the time you are documenting. An h in this column may mean that the result is higher than the reference range. Decreased urine output lethargy decreased muscle tone, muscle cramps treatment is of the underlying c auses. The volume was 600 ml, but there was some question as to the completeness of the 24hour collection. Urinalysis is a useful procedure as an indicator of health or disease, and as such, is a part of routine health screening. Protein electrophoresis with interpretation, 24hour urine. Positive result how to proceed results a positive result indicates a strong suspicion that the foetus is affected by one of the anomalies being investigated. The story is unclear, but there are ongoing safeguarding concerns and the family are known to social services. Document your overall impression of the urinalysis e. The photocopy template for icup drug testing kits found at. A dipstick urinalysis is a preliminary test and a number of factors can potentially interfere with the accuracy of the results 3.
Cross validated is a question and answer site for people interested in statistics, machine learning, data analysis, data mining, and data visualization. Capital pathology handbook interpretation of laboratory tests. For example, certain medications, high amounts of vitamin c and even some foods that change the color of your urine may lead to inaccurate results. The urinalysis is a simple and noninvasive test that provides valuable information. Photocopy template for icup employee drug testing kits author. Urinalysis rflx microgcopic color appeaznance specific gravity ph glucone bilirubin ret one.
Urinalysis is a simple test that can provide important clinical information, has a quick turnaround. Laboratory tests interpretation nurses learning network. Be immediately processed for culture regardless of urinalysis results. Immerse the dipstick completely in the specimen of fresh urine.
Urine testing can be used to check for blood in the urine, to check for infection by detecting the presence of white blood cells or protein and can show up other systemic problems such as liver problems by showing abnormal bilirubin levels. It may be used to screen for andor help diagnose conditions such as a urinary tract infections, kidney disorders, liver problems, diabetes or other metabolic conditions, to name a few. During a urinalysis, a clean urine sample is collected into a. A table listing the results of the analyses of the soil samples and derived parameters is available by clicking here.
This article highlights how to get the most out of routine urinalysis in the typical practice laboratory. Describe the anatomy of the kidney and nephron and production of urine. Results are both printed and downloaded continually throughout the day and delivered. Upon completion of this course, one should be able to. Classification study guide answers download multistix urinalysis interpretation guide. A read is counted each time someone views a publication summary such as the title, abstract, and list of authors, clicks on a figure, or views or downloads the fulltext. Table 3 accuracy of urinalysis for disease detection. Clientbased solutions and highquality, rapid results page 1 of 2 this report shall not be reproduced except in full without the express written consent of gorge analytical, llc. Urinalysis is one of the most ancient and basic tests to evaluate the presence, severity, and course of diseases of the kidney and urinary tract.
This is a very commonly ordered test which is performed in many clinical settings such as physicians offices, hospitals, clinics, emergency departments, and outpatient laboratories. Urine testing for diabetic analysis pubmed central pmc. Turnaround time is defined as the usual number of days from the date of pickup of a specimen for testing to when the result is. Values took on the mission of updating the laboratory values interpretation resource to better. Interpreting test results understanding how to interpret three useful statistics concerning your students multiplechoice test scores will help you construct welldesigned tests and improve instruction. An analysis and appraisal of the imbizo as an instrument of democracy in south africa by shandukani freddy mathagu submitted in accordance with the requirements for the degree of master of arts in the subject politics at the university of south africa supervisor. Urinalysis is a routine test that reports the physical and chemical properties of urine. Interpretation of urinalysis and urine culture for uti. Regulation of water and electrolyte such as chloride. Additional information can be gained by submitting samples to an external laboratory for. At the end of this program, each participant will be able to. How to interpret urine toxicology tests adc education.
The interpretation of dreams sigmund freud 1900 preface to the third edition wheras there was a space of nine years between the first and second editions of this book, the need of a third edition was apparent when little more than a year had elapsed. The column labeled sample contains the sample identification consisting of st for south texas followed by the sample number assigned when the samples were collected. Ensures consistent results interpretation with automatic timing and reading of every urine specimen. Academy of acute care physical therapy apta task force on lab values. How to document urinalysis results in the notes geeky medics. This conclusion should then be interpreted in terms of your project. Advising clinicians on laboratory test selection and results interpretation with a diagnostic management team michael laposata, md, phd edward and nancy fody professor of pathology vanderbilt university school of medicine pathologist in chief, vanderbilt university hospital. Leukocytes in the urine may also be a sign of a kidney infection. Urinalysis results interpretation highlights the urinary system consists of the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra. The interpretation of clinical laboratory test results michael schaer, dvm, diplomate acvim, acvecc university of florida, college of veterinary medicine with the advent of modern medical technology, the availability of hematological and serum biochemical data to the veterinary practitioner has become commonplace. Analyzing and interpreting data 2 wilder research, august 2009 analyzing quantitative data quantitative data is information you collect in numerical form, such as rating scales or documented frequency of specific behaviors.
Urine color test chart for dehydration free download. A free powerpoint ppt presentation displayed as a flash slide show on id. Ppt urinalysis dipstick testing powerpoint presentation. The second, which is based on the results of the interview and focus group discussions, is a qualitative interpretation. The correlation between the results of breath and bloodalcohol analyses were evaluated. Urinalysis urinary system purpose general evaluation of health diagnosis of disease or disorders of the kidneys or urinary tract diagnosis of other systemic disease. Sep 25, 2019 a urine test urinalysis, is a simple test used to diagnose infections and conditions such as urinary tract infections, kidney stones, kidney conditions, dehydration, and liver disease. Falsepositive results are caused by false elevation. For example, typically, closeended survey questions are coded into numbers so they can be analyzed quantitatively. A listing of the urinalysis results that are abnormal. Either represents a result outside the reference rangevalue. The discrimination index the discriminiation index measures the extent ot which item responses can discriminated between individuals who have a high score on the test and those that get a low score. Interpreting urinalysis and urine culture results philip sloane, md, mph professor of family medicine and geriatrics.
The legislature in february 2018 can use the results of these discussions in determining the proper role of cedo, as well as to identify the longterm home of the statewide longitudinal data system. It is used mainly to assess the health of the kidneys and urinary system, but it can also reveal problems in other organ systems, and is important for diagnosing metabolic disease such as diabetes mellitus. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. The urinalysis is a set of screening tests that can detect some common diseases. She has a gcs glasgow coma scale score of 11 on arrival and all other observations are normal. A 62yearold woman with hypertension and who had a urinary tract infection with hematuria 1 year ago presented with elevated serum creatinine. These results pertain only to the representative sample submitted for analysis. However, if a significant amount of squamous epithelial cells. Nov 15, 20 clinical interpretation of urinalysis and urine culture results requires both an understanding of the significance of test characteristics and the incorporation of patient symptoms.
Interpretation of urinalysis results point of care diagnostics. Get a printable copy pdf file of the complete article 460k, or click on a page image below to browse page by page. Results in seconds to minutes often performed in emergency departments or ambulatory clinics that do not have a micro lab available associated with false negatives use caution if a negative dipstick test results in a patient with symptoms of a uti dipstick is specific, but not very sensitive sensitivity related to bacterial load. Clinical biochemistry is a complex and wideranging field with a vast array of tests available to users.
Sampling results interpretation six sigma isixsigma forums old forums general sampling results interpretation this topic has 3 replies, 2 voices, and was last updated 12 years, 6 months ago by a. The tests detect andor measure several substances in the urine, such as byproducts of normal and abnormal metabolism, cells, cellular fragments, and bacteria urine is produced by the kidneys, two fistsized organs located on either side of the spine at the bottom of the ribcage. Quantitative interpretation of results analysis of questionnaires of a total of 400 questionnaires distributed, only 380 completed questionnaires were the base for computing the results. The pvalue computed by the test leads you to reject or fail to reject the null hypothesis. Urine test definition, disease detection, and results.
The use of tests in clinical biochemistry interpreting blood. Neil shay uncontrolled copy controlled documentdo not duplicate controlled copy no. Interpreting test results ut testing and evaluation. Multistix urinalysis interpretation guide pdf download. Setting analytical goals for random analytical error in specific clinical. A urinalysis, or urine test, is a common medical test in which the urine is examined to diagnose and monitor various illnesses. Home urinalysis test strip color chart and explanations. If the cause is acidosis, then it must be corrected. Urinalysis interpretation university of wisconsinmadison.
Pdf uroflowmetry and evaluation of voiding disorders. The key elements in the system are the kidneys, a pair of purplishbrown organs located below the ribs toward the middle of the back. For the testing, the doctor can use either a visual exam, dipstick test or microscopic exam when conducting the urine test. Dec 15, 2015 a urinalysis with positive tests for nitrites, leukocyte esterase, and bacteria is highly suggestive of a urinary tract infection. Urine testing can also detect ketones in the urine. Summary of analytical results utah biodiesel supply. As the components of the renal system the kidneys have the following functions. Urinalysis can disclose evidence of diseases, even some that have not caused significant signs or symptoms. The chief education office continues to take the lead in the development of the statewide longitudinal data. If any of the results are abnormal you should highlight them, either by underlining or circling them. Introduction the renal system is a system which is composed of two kidneys, two ureters, one bladder and one urethra. Advising clinicians on laboratory test selection and results.
Reporting limits may be lods, loqs, pqls, or other concentrations, and may be specific to a project or investigation. Her urinalysis was positive for hematuria, red blood cell casts, and proteinuria. Jun 24, 1989 full text is available as a scanned copy of the original print version. It has been known for centuries that abnormalities in urine may indicate disease. Explain the significance of the components of a routine urinalysis. Clinical picture signs and symptoms of hypernatremia include. A yearold girl presents to the emergency department for the second time with an unresponsive episode. The procedure can be discomforting causing mild pains. The article comes with a selfassessment enabling you to test your knowledge after reading it. The detection of white blood cells wbcs in the urine suggests a possible urinary tract infection uti somewhere in the urinary tract such as the bladder, or the urethra. How to interpret dipstick urinalysis results healthfully. Interpretation of urine analysis march 2015 denise k link, mpas, pac. The app analyzes the results and presents recommendations that can be savedprinted as a pdf or copied to clipboard for quick paste into the electronic health record ehr figure 3, page 86 the printed report can be handed to the patient upon triage or when the patient enters the examination room, allowing the information to be.
When the pvalue is reported in red, reject the null hypothesis. Results interpretation healthcare provider ninalia nipt. The urinalysis is a screening test and any positive, significant results should be confirmed with a laboratory specimen. Color changes must be read exactly at the indicated time. Serum free light chains test as the kidneys job is to keep protein.
The colour and transparency standardised volume of urine should be obtained each of urine is recorded while observing it in a test tube or in time, to allow comparison of results of urine sediment a urinometer cylinder. The results of breathalcohol analysis differed from 0. Download fulltext pdf interpret results with caution article pdf available in canadian medical association journal 180. Urinalysis urine test, ua simply means analysis of urine. Urinalysis reagent strips interpretation of results. Those dipsticks make a pretty good catapult for drops of eyeballseeking urine.
Urinalysis is an important screening and diagnostic tool, but health professionals must know how to perform the test and interpret results correctly for it to be beneficial. The method of collecting the urine sample may affect the results of analysis. Interpretation of urinalysis and urine culture for uti treatment. Therefore, when a patient is first seen by a nephrologist, a complete basic investigation of the urine should always be requested. Plastic strip dipped in urine sample test for various chemical components of urine results in seconds to minutes often performed in emergency departments or ambulatory clinics that do not have a micro lab available associated with false negatives use caution if a negative dipstick test results in a patient with symptoms of a uti. Incorrect interpretation of test results falsepositive or falsenegative can have signi. In addition, the following are treatments for hyperkalemia. Urinalysis is performed on a daily basis in most practices. Glucose is a type of sugar that your body requires and uses for energy. Susan foxley explains in this article how urine should best be collected so that test results can be used to screen, diagnose and manage diseasesincluding those affecting the kidneys. Reference is the list of expected results in a normal urine.
Urine undergoes many changes during states of disease or body dysfunction before blood composition is altered to a significant extent. Links to pubmed are also available for selected references. Sep 21, 2011 conclusion and interpretation of results. The urine specimen should be well mixed and uncentrifuged. Cloudy urine often is a result of precipitated phosphate crystals in alka line urine, but pyuria also can be the cause. Urinalysis has become more sophisticated since those times, but the urinalysis remains one of the first tests done for diagnosis of disease, especially diseases that may remain essentially silent until they are advanced. No food or drink at least 2 hours prior to testing. A urine glucose test is a quick and simple way to check for abnormally high levels of glucose in your urine. Perhaps, one of the earliest known record of urine test was the. Service provides accurate and timely results using the right tests at the right time, with increased focus on quality and quality systems increased automation and specialisation. Examination of urine as an aid to diagnose a number of diseases is the oldest among tests in the history of medical laboratory technology. A 24hour urine from a man who had no evidence of kidney impairment was sent to the laboratory for hormone determination. Urine analysis, also called urinalysis one of the oldest laboratory procedures in the practice of medicine.
Understanding your lab results visit laboratory normal assessment rangea serum free light chains serum kappa 3. Always wear gloves whilst messing about with another persons pee. You can also indicate with an arrow whether the result is abnormally high or low. A good interpretation will not mention hypotheses or test statistics. It is a simple technique, requires minimal equipment and provides information not only about the urinary tract, but also other body systems. Abnormal results must be flagged as high, low or critical if they fall out of the established normal. Clinical interpretation of urinalysis and urine culture results requires both an understanding of the significance of test characteristics and the incorporation of patient symptoms. The relative difference between these two variables ranged from 18.