Lies just beneath the left half of the diaphragm close to 9,10 and 11 ribs and on the left side of abdomen. The common feature of all these organs is a predominance of reticular connective tissue and lymphocytes. The spleen is 1 by 3 by 5 inches 3 by 8 by cm, weighs approximately 7 oz 200 g, and lies between the 9th and 11th ribs on the lefthand side and along the axis of 10th rib. Abdomen the abdomen is the part of the trunk between the thorax and the pelvis. The spleen produces large amounts of b and t lymphocytes through its white pulp.
But if you want to study them briefly and combine then you can download human anatomy and physiology at the end. It also functions as a site for blood cell storage and quality control. The spleen is an organ in the upper far left part of the abdomen, to the left of the stomach. Hilum of the spleen along with anatomy of the splenic artery a and the splenic vein v. Other organs may produce antibodies against antigens seen or present in tissue. It is the largest lymphoid tissue in the body it is located in the left upper quadrant of the abdomen the left hypochondrium. Disclosure the material and the illustrations are adopted from the.
Chapter outline areas of competence anatomical position planes of motion cavities of the body body movements types of contractions muscle movers. Despite its functional importance, the anatomy of the organ has not been studied as extensively as that of other organs, probably because its study presents intrinsic difficulties. Because of the red pulp, the spleen is the bodys most important filter of particulates, such as bacteria or damaged platelets. The spleen is useful for the production antibodies against antigen present in blood and its the only organ that performs such functions. The spleen is encased in a thick connectivetissue capsule. The unique architecture of the spleen allows for interactions between the circulatory, reticuloendothelial, and immune systems. Human anatomy and physiology polk county school district.
Lets have a look at the anatomy of this organ and talk a little about its functions, and what might go wrong with the spleen. Anatomy and physiology part 3 lymphatics respiratory tmj when we meet for level 3 you will be learning 3 procedures. Anatomy primary and extraordinary meridians chakras b. The spleen has a unique location, embryological development and histological structure that differs significantly from other lymphoid organs special histological features define several important functions of the spleen. The spleen is an organ found in virtually all vertebrates. It is the largest lymphoid organ and thus the largest filter of blood in the human body. All of the following are considered innate body defenses except a. By filtering blood, the spleen also recycles senescent and damaged erythrocytes.
It is thought that these macrophages can recognize the reduced flexibility of effete erythrocytes and in response phagocytose and degrade these cells. Male and female adults in the anatomical position the best way to learn about surface anatomy is to look at and. The images are obtained after an intravenous injection or an oral administration of the radioactive pharmaceutical. A monoaxial joint where only flexion and extension are possible is the. All books are in clear copy here, and all files are secure so dont worry about it. Therefore our recommendation is that if you want to study the subjects in great detail you should consult snells clinical anatomy for anatomy and essentials of physiology pdf for human physiology. Anatomy and physiology of the spleen sciencedirect. Pdf normal structure, function, and histology of the spleen. Spleen in red in fresh fish and blackens soon after death. It is wrapped by a fibroelastic capsule which allows the spleen to significantly increase its size when necessary.
Ruptured spleen one of most common consequences of blows to left thoracic or abdominal wall it bleeds profusely if damaged, may cause fatal hemorrhaging removal of spleen usually not serious since functions are shared with liver and bone marrow elephantitis a. It is responsible for storing and removing erythrocytes from the blood as well as antigen surveillance of the blood and antibody production. Pdf the spleen is the largest secondary immune organ in the body and is responsible for initiating immune reactions to bloodborne antigens and for. Inside, the mass of splenic tissue is of two types, the red pulp and the white pulp, which do not separate into regions but intermingle and are distributed throughout the spleen. Although all lymphoid organs have roles in protecting. The thymus is located in the front part of the chest cavity, between the trachea windpipe and the ribs. Liver hepar the largest gland of the body intraperitoneal organ functions. Male and female adults in the anatomical position the best way to learn about surface anatomy is to look at and examine your own body.
The unique microvasculature and structural relationships of the spleen form the basis for a number of functions important in both health and disease. The spleen varies in size and shape between people, but its commonly fistshaped, purple, and about. Lecture notes for nursing students human anatomy and physiology nega assefa alemaya university yosief tsige jimma university in collaboration with the ethiopia public health training initiative, the carter center, the ethiopia ministry of health, and the ethiopia ministry of education 2003 2. It is thought that these macrophages can recognize the reduced. It is a flexible, dynamic container, housing most of the organs of the alimentary system and part of the urogenital system. Depending on the study, the images can take 20 to 30. It is the largest site for macrophage aggregations and phagocytic function in the body. They are trapped and fragmented by the spleen red blood. Basic anatomy and physiology surface anatomy surface anatomy is the identification of landmarks on the surface of the skin which allows us to compare our knowledge of our own surface anatomy with that of an injured person. This image shows different surfaces and impressions caused by different organs in relation to the spleens hilum. The spleen is the largest lymphoid organ in the body.
Anatomy, embryology, histology and physiology of the spleen. In this way, the spleen stimulates the maturation and activation of lymphocytes. The spleen is the primary organ which ensures that old, effete erythrocytes are properly eliminated and their hemoglobin effectively recycled as described in heme degradation. With the spleen retracted medially, the phrenicocolic ligament is incised. Many papers have been published concerning the anatomy and embryology of the spleen in various fishes, with numerous incidental. Download human anatomy and physiology pdf 10th edition. The spleen develops in association with the digestive system in the dorsal mesogastrium, and as the stomach rotates during development the spleen comes to occupy the left cranial abdomen. The spleen s primary functions are to filter the blood and help defend the body against pathogens. The red pulp is a network of splenic cords cords of billroth and sinusoids.
This recycling function is largely carried out by macrophages surrounding the sheathed capillaries of the splenic red pulp. In around 20% of people, incidental findings reveal a solitary or multiple accessory spleens. The spleen has multiple functions in the human body. Muscles that move a limb away from the midline are. Portal venous anatomy the standard portal venous anatomy consists of the main portal trunk branching into the right and left portal veins, with the right portal vein subsequently dividing into anterior and posterior branches. Anatomy and physiology of animals extension veterinary medicine. The structural physiology of the human spleen is discussed in depth here, with particular emphasis on the interrelationships between blood cells and the spleen. Lymphatics respiratory tmj when we meet for level 3. Respiratory supplies oxygen to the body and removes.
Develops in 5th week gestation from mesenchymal cells in the. Naim kittana, phd annajah national university faculty of medicine and health sciences department of biomedical sciences. Salmon anatomy ray ralonde alaska sea grant marine advisory program. The spleen is a major lymphoid and blood filtration organ and is located in the left cranial abdomen. Anatomy of the spleen oluwadiya ks introduction the spleen is an ovoid, usually purplish, pulpy mass about the size and shape of ones fist. Anatomy and physiology c answer key science olympiad.
Somso model qs 61 wedgeshaped segment from the compact part of a long bone 1. Pleural cavity separates spleen and diaphragm from the rib. A anatomy deals with the structure of the body and. Ruptured spleen one of most common consequences of blows to left thoracic or abdominal wall it bleeds profusely if damaged, may cause fatal hemorrhaging removal of spleen usually not serious since functions are shared with liver and bone marrow elephantitis a tropical disease caused by lymphatic obstruction. The spleen is a pulpy organ approximately the size of a fist, and contains the largest single aggregate of lymphoid tissue in the body. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. Anatomy and physiology c key science olympiad north regional tournament at the university of florida. Surgeons most frequently are called upon to perform urgent splenectomy in the setting of trauma, but numerous indications also exist for elective splenectomy. In this article, we will explain its anatomy, what it does, and what happens when it goes wrong. Located in the upper left region of the abdominal cavity, the spleens primary function is to filter blood of damaged cells, cellular debris, and pathogens such as bacteria and viruses.
Aorta carries oxygenated blood from heart to body 2. The spleen is an intraperitoneal organ, so all of its surfaces are covered with visceral peritoneum. Usually, it is found near the hilum of the main spleen, but also further in. The spleen is the largest organ of the lymphatic system. The spleen is a fist sized organ located in the left upper quadrant of the abdomen. An overview of anatomy, physiology, and pathology chapter 3 27. The spleen is the largest lymphoid organ in the body and is interposed within the circulatory system. Name and give the function of the structure labeled a. This means that the spleen filters blood and presents foreign particles antigens to the lymphocytes it houses. Anatomy and physiology of the spleen medical science the spleen is a small organ in the abdominal cavity that is considered to be part of the lymphatic system, which also includes the lymph nodes. What links here related changes upload file special pages permanent link page.
The spleen store blood and serves to the immune system of a fish. The spleen is delivered to the midline by means of blunt and sharp dissection of the areolar plane between the kidney and the pancreas. The white pulp is lymphoid tissue that usually surrounds splenic blood vessels. Standard anatomy 6580% main portal vein trifurcation into right anterior, right posterior and left portal vein 79%. Examine the diagram of the heart and answer the following questions. Return blood back to the blood vessels so it can continuously circulate through the body. Like the thymus, the spleen houses and aids in the maturation of immune system cells called lymphocytes. Learn spleen anatomy physiology with free interactive flashcards.